I. Kosa Kata
No.
|
Kata
|
Dibaca
|
Artinya
|
1.
|
tense
|
tens
|
bentuk kata kerja
|
2.
|
present
|
prezənt
|
sekarang, kini, hadir
|
3.
|
past
|
pæst / pa:st
|
lampau, masa lalu
|
4.
|
participle
|
ˋpɑ:tisipəl
|
kata terbentuk dari kata kerja
|
5.
|
simple
|
simpəl
|
sederhana
|
6.
|
continuous
|
kənˋtinjuəs
|
lanjutan
|
7.
|
future
|
fiyucə
|
akan datang / masa depan
|
8.
|
perfect
|
ˋpə:fikt
|
sempurna
|
9.
|
year
|
yiə:
|
tahun
|
10.
|
next
|
nekst
|
berikutnya
|
11.
|
abroad
|
əbro:d
|
(di / ke) luar negeri
|
12.
|
overseas
|
ouvə:siz
|
(di / ke) luar negeri
|
13.
|
holiday
|
holədei
|
liburan
|
14.
|
many
|
meni
|
banyak
|
15.
|
for
|
fo:
|
untuk, selama
|
No.
|
kata kerja 1
(sekarang)
|
kata kerja 2
(lampau)
|
kata kerja 3
(tuntas)
|
artinya
|
16.
|
walk (wo:k)
|
walked (wo:kt)
|
walked (wo:kt)
|
jalan
|
17.
|
travel (trævl)
|
travelled (trævld)
|
travelled (trævld)
|
bepergian, melancong
|
18.
|
send (send)
|
sent (sent)
|
sent (sent)
|
mengirim, mengirimkan
|
19.
|
study (stadi)
|
studied (stadid)
|
studied (stadid)
|
studi, menuntut ilmu
|
20.
|
have tu (hæv tu)
|
had to (hæd tu)
|
had to (hæd tu)
|
harus
|
II. Tata Bahasa
Tenses adalah bagian dari Tata Bahasa Inggris yang mengatur
penggunaan kata kerja dalam sebuah kalimat
Pada bab sebelumnya telah dijabarkan bahwa ada 3 macam
kata kerja yaitu:
1.
Kata kerja sekarang dalam Inggris Present Tene (verb 1)
2.
Kata kerja lampau
dalam Inggris Past
Tense (verb 2)
3.
Kata kerja Tuntas
dalam Inggris Past
Participle (verb 3)
Tata Bahasa yang mengatur masa sekarang terdiri dari :
1.
Simple Present Tense
adalah kalimat sederhana yang
membicarakan kejadian saat ini
Pola : (+) Subject + Verb 1 +
Object
(- ) Subject + do + not + Verb 1 +
Object
(? ) do + Subject + Verb 1 + Object?
Misalnya : I eat
manggo = saya makan mangga
I do
not eat manggo = saya tidak
makan mangga
Do I eat manggo? = saya makan mangga kah?
Untuk orang ketiga : (+) Subject + Verb 1 + s / es + Object
(- ) Subject
+ does + not + Verb 1 + Object
(? ) does +
Subject + Verb 1 + Object?
Misalnya : He eats
manggo = dia makan mangga
He doesn’t eat manggo = dia tidak makan mangga
Does he eat manggo? = dia makan mangga kah?
2.
Present Continuous
adalah kalimat yang membicarakan
kejadian saat ini yang sedang berlangsung / belum selesai. Kata kerja yang
dipakai dengan tambah –ing mengandung arti sedang
dan harus dibantu oleh kata kerja bantu utama
Pola : ( + ) Subject + is/am/are + Verb 1 + ing
(
- ) Subject + is/am/are + not + Verb 1 +
ing
(
? ) is/am/are + Subject + Verb 1 + ing
Misalnya : I’m
eating manggo = saya sedang makan mangga
I’m not eating manggo = saya tidak sedang makan mangga
Am I eating manggo? =
saya sedang makan mangga kah?
He is eating manggo = dia sedang
makan mangga
He is not eating manggo = dia tidak sedang
makan mangga
Is he eating manggo = dia sedang makan mangga kah?
3.
Present Perfect
adalah kalimat yang membicarakan
kejadian yg baru diselesaikan. Kata kerjanya harus dibantu dengan kata have
/ has yang memiliki arti telah / sudah.
Pola :
( + ) Subject + have / has + Verb 3 + Object
(
– ) Subject + have / has + not + Verb 3 + Object
(
? ) have / has + Subject + Verb 3 + Object ?
Misalnya : I
have eaten manggo = saya telah
makan mangga
I have not eaten
manggo =
saya tidak telah makan mangga
have I eaten manggo? =
telah saya makan mangga kah?
He has eating manggo = dia telah
makan mangga
He has not eating manggo = dia tidak
telah
makan mangga
Has he eating manggo? = telah dia makan mangga kah?
4.
Present Perfect Continuous
adalah kalimat yang membicarakan
kejadian sudah dimulai tetapi belum terselesaikan. Kata kerjanya harus ditambah
–ing
dan dibantu dengan kata have
/ has + been.
Pola : ( + ) Subject + have / has + been + Verb 3 +
Object
(
– ) Subject + have / has + not + been + Verb 3 + Object
(
? ) have / has + Subject + been + Verb 3
+ Object ?
Misalnya : I have been eating manggo = saya telah sedang makan mangga
I
have not been eating manggo = saya tak telah
sedang
makan mangga
Have I
been eating manggo? = telah sedang
saya makan mangga kah?
He has been
eating manggo = dia telah sedang
makan mangga
He has not
been eating manggo = dia tak telah sedang
makan mangga
Has he
been eating manggo? = telah sedang
dia makan mangga kah?
Tata Bahasa yang mengatur masa lampau terdiri dari :
1.
Simple Past Tense
adalah kalimat sederhana yang
membicarakan kejadian sudah terjadi
Pola : ( + ) Subject + Verb 2 + Object
( – ) Subject + did + not + Verb 1
+ Object
( ? ) did + Subject + Verb 1 +
Object?
Misalnya : I ate
manggo = saya makan mangga
I did
not eat manggo = saya tak makan mangga
Did I
eat manggo? = makan mangga kah saya?
He ate manggo = dia makan mangga
He did not eat manggo =
dia tak makan mangga
Did he eat manggo? =
makan mangga kah dia?
2.
Past Continuous
adalah kalimat yang membicarakan
kejadian masa lalu yang sedang berlangsung / belum selesai. Kata kerja yang
dipakai dengan tambah –ing mengandung arti sedang
dan harus dibantu oleh kata kerja bantu utama masa lalu
Pola : ( + ) Subject + was/were + Verb 1 + ing
(
– ) Subject + was/were + not + Verb 1 + ing
(
? ) was/were + s + Verb 1 + ing ?
Misalnya :
I was eating manggo = saya sedang
makan mangga
I was not eating manggo = saya tak sedang
makan mangga
Was I eating manggo = sedang makan mangga kah saya?
They were eating
manggo = mereka sedang makan mangga
They were
not eating manggo = mereka tak sedang makan mangga
Were they
eating manggo = sedang makan mangga kah mereka?
3.
Past Perfect
adalah kalimat yang membicarakan
kejadian yg baru diselesaikan yang terjadi di masa lampau. Kata kerjanya harus
dibantu dengan kata had yang memiliki arti telah / sudah.
Pola : ( + ) Subject + had + Verb 3
(
– ) Subject + had + not + Verb 3
(
? ) had + Subject + Verb 3
Misalnya :
I had eaten manggo =
saya telah makan mangga
I had
not eaten manggo =
saya tak telah makan mangga
Had I
eaten manggo =
telah makan mangga kah saya?
He had eaten
manggo = dia telah makan mangga
He had
not eaten manggo = dia tak telah makan mangga
Had he
eaten manggo = telah makan mangga kah dia?
4.
Past Perfect Continuous
adalah kalimat yang membicarakan
kejadian sudah dimulai di masa lalu tetapi belum terselesaikan. Kata kerja yang
dipakai dengan tambah –ing dengan bantuan had
been
Pola : ( + ) Subject + had + been + Verb 1 + ing
(
– ) Subject + had + not + been + Verb 1 + ing
(
? ) had + Subject + been + Verb 1 + ing
Misalnya :
I had been eating manggo =
saya telah sedang makan mangga
I had not been eating manggo =
saya tak telah sedang makan mangga
Had I been eating manggo? =
telah sedang makan mangga kah saya?
He had been eating manggo = Dia telah
sedang
makan mangga
He had not
been eating manggo = Dia tak telah sedang makan mangga
Had he been
eating manggo? = telah sedang makan mangga kah
dia?
Tata Bahasa yang mengatur masa yang akan datang terdiri
dari :
1.
Simple Future Tense
adalah kalimat sederhana yang
membicarakan kejadian yang belum terjadi. Kata kerja harus dibantu dengan kata will
atau shall.
Shall hanya bisa dipakai oleh subjek I dan We, selain
itu pakai Will. Jika ditukar antara will dan shall akan memiliki arti
yang lebih pasti. Cara lain gunakan verb to be + going to
Pola : ( + )
Subject + shall/will + Verb 1
( – ) Subject + shall/will + not +
Verb 1
( ? ) Shall / Will + Subject + Verb 1
Alternatif lain : ( + ) Subject + am / is / are + goting to + Verb
1
( – ) Subject + am
/ is / are + not + goting to + Verb 1
( ? ) am / is /
are + Subject + going to + Verb 1
Misalnya : I shall
eat manggo = saya akan makan mangga
I am going to eat manggo
I shall not eat
manggo = saya tak akan makan mangga
I am not going to eat manggo
Shall I eat manggo? = akankah
ku makan mangga?
am I going to eat manggo?
He will eat manggo =
dia akan makan mangga
He is going to eat manggo
He will not eat manggo =
dia tak akan makan mangga
He is not going to eat manggo
Will he eat manggo? =
akankah dia makan mangga?
Is he going to eat manggo?
2.
Future Continous
adalah kalimat yang membicarakan sesuatu
yang belum terjadi tetapi akan sedang terjadi nantinya, Kata kerja yang dipakai
harus ditambah –ing mengandung arti akan sedang dan dibantu will
/ shall + be
Pola : Subject + will /shall + be + Verb 1 + ing + ..........
Pola : ( + ) Subject + shall/will + be + Verb 1 +
ing
( – ) Subject + shall/will + not +
be + Verb 1 + ing
( ? ) Shall / Will + Subject + be
+ Verb 1 + ing
Misalnya :
I shall be eating manggo =
saya akan sedang makan mangga
I shall not
be eating manggo = saya tak akan sedang makan mangga
Shall I be
eating manggo? = akan sedang makan mangga kah
saya?
They will be eating
manggo = mereka akan sedang makan mangga
They will not
be eating manggo =
mereka tak akan sedang
makan mangga
Will they be
eating manggo? = akan sedang makan mangga kah
mereka?
3.
Future Perfect
adalah kalimat yang membicarakan
kejadian yg belum terjadi dan akan dirampungkan nanti. Kata kerjanya harus
dibantu dengan kata will / shall + have yang memiliki arti akan telah / sudah.
Pola : ( + ) Subject + will / shall + have + Verb 3
( - ) Subject + will / shall + not + have + Verb 3
( ? ) will / shall + Subject +
have + Verb 3
(+ ) Subject + am / is /are + going to + have + Verb 3 + ......
(- ) Subject + am / is /are + not + going to + have + Verb 3 + ......
(? ) am / is /are + Subject + going to + have + Verb 3 + ......
Misalnya :
I shall have eaten manggo = saya akan telah
makan mangga
I am going
to have eaten manggo
I shall not
have eaten manggo =
saya tak akan telah makan mangga
I am not
going to have eaten manggo
Shall I
have eaten manggo? =
akan telah makan mangga kah saya?
am I going
to have eaten manggo?
He will
have eaten manggo = dia akan telah makan mangga
He is going
to have eaten manggo
He will not
have eaten manggo = dia tak akan telah makan mangga
He is not
going to have eaten manggo
Will he have
eaten manggo = akan telah makan mangga kah dia?
Is he going
to have eaten manggo
4.
Future Perfect Continuous
adalah kalimat yang membicarakan
kejadian yang belum terjadi dan akan sedang dikerjakan tetapi belum
terselesaikan. Kata kerja yang dipakai harus ditambah –ing dan dibantu dengan will
/ shall + have been.
Pola : Subject + will / shall + have been + Verb 1
+ ing
Subject + am / is / are + going to + have been + Verb 1 + ing
Pola : ( + ) Subject + will / shall + have been +
Verb 1 + ing
( - ) Subject + will / shall +
not + have been + Verb 1 + ing
( ? ) will / shall + Subject +
have been + Verb 3 + ing
(+ ) Subject + am / is /are + going to + have been + Verb 1 + ing
(- ) Subject + am / is /are + not + going to + have been + Verb 1 + ing
(? ) am / is /are + Subject + going to + have been + Verb 1 + ing
Misalnya :
I shall have
been eating manggo = saya telah
sedang makan mangga
I am going
to have been eating manggo
I shall not
have been eating manggo = saya tak telah sedang makan mangga
I am not
going to have been eating manggo
Shall I have
been eating manggo? =
telah sedang makan mangga kah saya?
am I going
to have been eating manggo?
He will have
been eating manggo = Dia telah sedang makan mangga
He is going to have been eating manggo
Ada 4
tenses lagi yang yang digunakan untuk menceritakan pada masa lalu akan terjadi
sesuatu. Ingat tidak umum dipakai dalam percakapan.
1. Future Past Tense
adalah kalimat sederhana yang menceritakan
kejadian di masa lampau akan terjadi sesuatu. Kata kerja harus dibantu dengan
kata would
(past tense dari will) atau should (past tense dari shall)
atau dengan cara lain ganti verb to be menjadi past
tense + going to.
Pola : ( + ) Subject + would / should + Verb 1 +
Object
( - ) Subject + would / should +
not + Verb 1 + Object
( ? ) would / should + Subject +
Verb 1 + Object
( + ) Subject + was / were + going
to + ...........
( - ) Subject + was / were + not + going
to + ...........
( ? ) was / were + Subject + going
to + ...........
Misalnya :
I
should eat manggo = saya akan makan mangga
I was going to eat manggo
I should not eat manggo = saya tak akan
makan mangga
I was not
going to eat manggo
Should I eat manggo? = akankah
ku makan mangga?
Was I
going to eat manggo?
He would
eat manggo =
dia akan makan mangga
He was
going to eat manggo
He would
not eat manggo =
dia tak akan makan mangga
He was not
going to eat manggo
Would he
eat manggo? =
akankah dia makan mangga?
Was he
going to eat manggo?
Biasanya dalam satu kalimat ada 2 kata
kerja, yang satunya past tense
Misalnya : I
knew you would help him = Ku tahu kau akan menolongnya
I knew you would not help him = Ku tahu kau tak akan menolongnya
2. Past Future Continous
adalah kalimat yang menceritakan
kejadian di masa lampau sesuatu akan sedang terjadi. Kata kerja yang dipakai
harus ditambah –ing mengandung arti akan sedang dan dibantu would
/ should + be
Pola : (
+ ) Subject + would /should + be + Verb
1 + ing
( -
) Subject + would /should + not + be +
Verb 1 + ing
( ?
) would /should + Subject + be + Verb 1
+ ing
Misalnya :
I should be eating manggo = saya akan sedang makan mangga
I should not be eating manggo = saya tak akan sedang makan mangga
Should I be eating manggo? = akan sedang makan mangga
kah saya?
He would be
eating manggo =
dia akan sedang makan mangga
He would not be
eating manggo =
dia tak akan sedang makan mangga
Would he be
eating manggo =
akan sedang makan mangga kah dia?
3. Past Future Perfect
adalah kalimat yang menceritakan
kejadian masa lalu akan telah dirampungkan sesuatu. Kata kerjanya harus dibantu
dengan kata would / should + have yang memiliki arti akan telah / sudah.
Pola : ( + ) Subject + would / should + have + Verb
3
(
- ) Subject + would / should + not + have + Verb 3
(
? ) would / should + Subject + have + Verb 3
(
+ ) Subject + was / were + going to + have + verb 3
(
- ) Subject + was / were + not + going to + have + verb 3
(
? ) was / were + Subject + going to + have + verb 3
Misalnya :
I should
have eaten manggo =
saya akan telah makan mangga
I was going
to have eaten manggo
I should have
not eaten manggo =
saya tak akan telah makan mangga
I was not
going to have eaten manggo
Should I
have eaten manggo? =
akan telah makan mangga kah saya?
Was I going
to have eaten manggo?
He would have
eaten manggo = Dia akan telah makan mangga
He was going
to have eaten manggo
He would not
have eaten manggo = Dia tak akan telah makan mangga
He was not
going to have eaten manggo
would he have
eaten manggo? = akan telah makan mangga kah
dia?
was he going
to have eaten manggo?
Biasanya
dipakai dalam kalimat pengandaian
I should have
come there if you had asked me.
Saya akan
telah datang di sana jika kamu telah memintaku
You would have been success if you had worked
hard.
Anda akan telah menjadi sukses jika anda telah
bekerja keras
4. Past Future Perfect Continuous
adalah kalimat yang menceritakan kejadian
masa lampau sesuatu pekerjaan telah sedang dikerjakan dan sedang akan
dirampungkan. Kata kerja yang dipakai harus ditambah –ing dan dibantu dengan would
/ should + have been.
Pola : Subject + would / should + have been + Verb
1 + ing
Subject + was / were + going to + have been + Verb 1 + ing
Pola : ( + ) Subject + would / should + have been +
Verb 1 + ing
(
- ) Subject + would / should + not + have been + Verb 1 + ing
(
? ) would / should + Subject + have been + Verb 1 + ing
( + )
Subject + was / were + going to + have been + verb 1 + ing
( - )
Subject + was / were + not + going to + have
been + verb 1 + ing
( ? )
was / were + Subject + going to + have been + verb 1 + ing
Misalnya :
I should
have been eating manggo = saya akan telah sedang makan mangga
I was going to
have been eating manggo
I should not have been eating manggo = saya tak akan telah sedang makan mangga
I was not going
to have been eating manggo
Should I have been eating manggo? = akan telah sedang makan mangga
kah saya?
was I going to
have been eating manggo?
He would have
been eating manggo = dia akan telah sedang
makan mangga
He was going to
have been eating manggo
He would not
have been eating manggo = dia tak akan telah sedang
makan mangga
He was not going
to have been eating manggo
Would have been
eating manggo? = akan telah
sedang
makan mangga kah dia?
Was he going to
have been eating manggo?
Biasanya
kalimatnya memakai petunjuk waktu akan diselesaikan
My brother should have been
working there for two years by the end of this year.
Saudaraku akan
telah sedang bekerja di sana selama 2 th pada akhir tahun ini
(saudaraku
masih bekerja dan akan mencapai 2 th jika kerja sampai akhir th)
X
Present
= Saat ini
|
Past tense
(masa lampau)
Y ------
|
Future
(masa akan datang)
------------------> Y’
|
X = saya
yang bercerita
(saat ini)
Y =
saudaraku mulai kerja
Y’ =
saudaraku telah kerja 2 th (belum / akan
terjadi)
Total ada 16 jenis Tenses dalam Tata Bahasa Inggris yang
harus anda kuasai.
Biasanya dalam soal ujian akan diberi keterangan
waktunya, jika tidak ada keterangan waktu dan tidak ada petunjuk kata kerja
maupun kata kerja bantu maka bisa digunakan Present Tense.
Untuk Past Perfect, Past Perfect Continuous,
Future
Perfect, Future Perfect Continuous kebanyakan dipakai dalam penulisan
untuk mencerita waktu kejadian di masa lampau maupun perencanaan yang akan
terjadi di masa depan.
Have to atau must punya arti yang sama tetapi
must tak ada bentuk past tense, jadi untuk kalimat yang lampau gunakan had
to
Misalnya : I had to go there on Sunday
Saya harus pergi ke sana pada hari Minggu
(maksudnya Minggu yang sudah lalu pergi ke sananya)
For jika diikuti kata benda maka berarti untuk
Misalnya: Your
friend sent these fruits for you.
Temanmu mengirim buah-buahan ini
untukmu
For jika diikuti keterangan waktu maka berarti selama
biasanya menggunakan Perfect Tense
Misalnya: He
has studied English for 5 years.
Dia
sudah belajar bahasa Inggris selama 5 tahun.
Untuk Future Tense biasanya menggunakan
keterangan waktu tomorrow, next day, next Sunday,
next .......
Abroad dan overseas memiliki arti
yang sama, keduanya sudah mengandung arti di / ke, jadi tak perlu ada kata
depan untuknya.
Misalnya : His father will send him to study overseas
next year
Ayahnya akan mengirim dia studi ke luar negeri
We will travel abroad on holiday
Kami akan melakukan perjalanan ke luar negeri pada hari libur
He
lived abroad three years ago
Di tinggal di luar negeri 3 tahun
yang lalu.
Many
students will study overseas this year
Banyak mahasiswa akan studi keluar negeri tahun ini
IV. Terjemahkan ke bahasa Inggris
Bahasa
Indonesia
|
Bahasa
Inggris
|
Mereka telah sedang berenang pagi ini
|
|
Maria sedang makan semangka lusa kemarin
|
|
Susan jalan ke sekolah hari ini
|
|
Anton akan kirim pisang untuk Maria
|
|
Akankah kamu pergi ke luar negeri besok?
|
V.
Terjemahkan ke bahasa Indonesia
Bahasa
Inggris
|
Bahasa
Indonesia
|
The sun rises in the east.
|
|
I’m not studying Indonesian now.
|
|
Anton has not eaten lunch.
|
|
Andi and Maria have not been talking since May.
|
|
My friend did not eat breakfast this morning.
|
|
I was reading book when father watched TV.
|
|
I had been at School when Jhonly went to my house.
|
|
They had been singing when we studied dancing.
|
|
I will go to Bandung tomorrow.
|
|
I will be studying if Winny come to night.
|
|
Winny shall not have been at home when I arrived
|
|
My father shall have been working in the office for five years by the end
of the year.
|
|
I knew you were not going to go to the
party.
|
|
We should be helping them on Sunday last
week.
|
|
I should not have come there if you had
not asked me
|
|
He would have been working as a teacher in Jakarta by
the end of this week last month.
|
