I. Kosa Kata
No.
|
Kata
|
Dibaca
|
Artinya
|
1.
|
preposition
|
prepəzɪʃən
|
kata depan
|
2.
|
relation
|
rileiʃən
|
relasi, hubungan
|
3.
|
relationship
|
rileiʃənʃip
|
persahabatan
|
4.
|
element
|
elimənt
|
elemen, unsur
|
5.
|
rest
|
rest
|
sisa, istirahat
|
6.
|
connect
|
kənekt
|
menghubungkan
|
7.
|
phrase
|
freiz
|
ungkapan
|
8.
|
function
|
fangʃən
|
fungsi
|
9.
|
unit
|
yu:nit
|
unit, satuan
|
10.
|
direction
|
direkʃən / dairekʃən
|
arah
|
11.
|
by way of
|
bai wei əf
|
melalui, sebagai
|
12.
|
chart
|
cha:t
|
diagram
|
13.
|
specific
|
spəsifik
|
khusus
|
14.
|
nonspecific
|
nanspəsifik
|
tak umum
|
15.
|
precisely
|
prisaisli
|
secara tepat
|
16.
|
midnight
|
midnait
|
tengah malam
|
17.
|
period
|
piriəd / piəriəd
|
periode, masa
|
18.
|
mass
|
mæs
|
kumpulan, massa
|
19.
|
blossom
|
blasəm / bla:səm
|
berbunga
|
20.
|
summer
|
samə:
|
musim panas
|
21.
|
certain
|
sə:tən
|
pasti
|
22.
|
jog
|
ja:g
|
joging
|
23.
|
comfortable
|
kanfətəbəl
|
nyaman
|
24.
|
margin
|
ma:djin
|
jarak, tepi, laba,
angka kemenangan
|
25.
|
passenger
|
pæsinjə:
|
penumpang
|
26.
|
in
time
|
in taim
|
tepat waktu
|
27.
|
on
time
|
on taim
|
tepat waktu
|
28.
|
concert
|
kansət
|
konser
|
29.
|
hall
|
ho:l
|
balai, gedung
|
30.
|
approximate
|
əprɒksɪmət
|
kira-kira
|
31.
|
up to
|
ap to
|
hingga / sampai dengan,
terserah pada
|
32.
|
beyond
|
biyand
|
lewati / lampaui, di
luar jangkauan, di seberang
|
33.
|
beginning
|
bigining
|
awal / mula
|
34.
|
final
|
fainəl
|
akhir / terakhir,
pertandingan terakhir
|
35.
|
bonus
|
bəunəs / bounəs
|
bonus
|
36.
|
a great deal
|
ə greit diəl
|
jumlah besar / banyak
sekali
|
37.
|
spring
|
spring
|
musim semi
|
38.
|
typical
|
tipikəl
|
ciri khas
|
39.
|
event
|
ivent
|
kejadian / peristiwa,
pertandingan
|
40.
|
but-stop
|
bas-stap
|
perhentian bis
|
41.
|
platform
|
plætfoːm
|
peron, panggung
|
42.
|
beside
|
bisaid
|
disamping / disebelah
|
43.
|
besides
|
bisaids
|
selain, tambahan, lagi
pula, kecuali
|
44.
|
apart from
|
əpɑːt from
|
selain, kecuali
|
45.
|
furthermore
|
feː.ðəmɔː
|
lagi pula, sebagai
tambahan
|
46.
|
as well
|
æz wel
|
juga
|
47.
|
scruffy
|
skrafi
|
acak-acakan dalam
berpakaian, kumuh, dekil
|
48.
|
sand
|
sænd
|
pasir
|
49
|
at sea
|
æt si:
|
di atas kapal, bingung
|
50
|
at the sea
|
æt de si:
|
di dekat / pinggir laut
|
51
|
lobby
|
labi
|
lobi / ruang masuk
|
52
|
directly
|
daɪrektli / direktli
|
secara langsung, segera
/ seketika
|
53
|
rug
|
rag
|
selimut tebal,
permadani / karpet
|
54
|
bridge
|
bridj
|
jembatan
|
55
|
mountain
|
mauntɪn / mauntən
|
gunung
|
56.
|
under
|
andə
|
di bawah
|
57.
|
pillow
|
piləu / pilou
|
bantal
|
58.
|
below
|
biləu / bilou
|
di bawah
|
59.
|
beneath
|
biniːθ
|
di bawah
|
60.
|
underneath
|
andəniːθ
|
di bawah
|
61.
|
corner
|
konə:
|
sudut / pojok
|
62.
|
imminent
|
iminənt
|
segera terjadi
|
63.
|
blink
|
blingk
|
kedip
|
64.
|
along
|
əlong
|
sepanjang, menuju
|
65.
|
edge
|
edj
|
pinggir / tepi, mata
pisau
|
66.
|
bride
|
braid
|
pengantin wanita
|
67.
|
groom
|
gru:m
|
pengantin pria
|
68.
|
close to
|
kləus / klouz
|
dekat
|
69.
|
distance
|
dɪstəns
|
jarak
|
70.
|
receptionist
|
risepʃənist
|
penerima tamu
|
71.
|
expression
|
ikspreʃən
|
pernyataan
|
72.
|
surface
|
səːfɪs
|
permukaan
|
73.
|
pan
|
pæn
|
panci
|
74.
|
post office
|
poust ofis
|
kantor pos
|
75.
|
church
|
chə:tʃ
|
gereja
|
76.
|
above
|
ə:bav
|
di atas
|
77.
|
flag
|
flæɡ
|
bendera
|
78.
|
wall
|
wo:l / wa:l
|
dinding, tembok
|
79.
|
bed
|
bed
|
ranjang, tempat tidur
|
80.
|
bedroom
|
bedru:m
|
kamar tidur
|
81.
|
instead of
|
insted əf
|
daripada, sebagai ganti
|
82.
|
worker
|
wə:kə:
|
pekerja
|
83.
|
management
|
mænidjmənt
|
manajemen, pimpinan
perusahaan
|
84,
|
toffee
|
tafi
|
permen
|
85.
|
among / amongst
|
əmang / əmangst
|
di tengah-tengah / di
antara (orang banyak)
|
86.
|
amid / amidst
|
əmid / əmidst
|
di tengah
|
87.
|
unable
|
aneibəl
|
tak sanggup
|
88.
|
confusion
|
kənfjuːʃən
|
kebingungan
|
89.
|
scheme
|
ski:m
|
skema
|
90.
|
teenager
|
tiːneɪdjə:
|
remaja
|
91.
|
zit
|
zit
|
jerawat
|
92.
|
mask
|
mas:k / mæsk
|
topeng
|
93.
|
opposite
|
apəzɪt
|
berlawanan, kebalikan
|
94.
|
trunk
|
trangk
|
koper, tempat bagasi,
batang pohon, belalai
|
95.
|
attic
|
ætɪk
|
loteng
|
96.
|
bike
|
baik
|
sepeda
|
97.
|
ladder
|
lædə:
|
tangga
|
98.
|
limit
|
limit
|
batas
|
99.
|
movement
|
muːvmənt
|
gerakan, seni gerak,
kegiatan
|
100.
|
tankard
|
tængkəd
|
cangkir besar
|
101
|
caterpillar
|
kætəpɪlə
|
ulat
|
102.
|
butterfly
|
bʌtəflaɪ
|
kupu-kupu
|
103.
|
mantelpiece
|
mæntəlpiːs
|
rak di atas perapian
|
104.
|
tunnel
|
tanəl
|
terowongan
|
105.
|
completion
|
kəmpliːʃən
|
kelengkapan,
penyelesaian
|
106.
|
past
|
pæst /
pa:st
|
lewat / lewati, yang
lalu
|
107.
|
downtown
|
dauntaun
|
pusat kota, di / ke
pusat kota
|
108.
|
uptown
|
aptaun
|
kota elit, di / ke kota
elit
|
109.
|
downstairs
|
daʊnsteəz
|
di / ke lantai bawah
|
110.
|
upstairs
|
apsteəz
|
di / ke lantai atas
|
111.
|
against
|
əɡenst / əɡeinst
|
lawan
|
112.
|
device
|
divais
|
perangkat
|
113.
|
instrument
|
instrəmənt
|
instrumen, alat musik
|
114.
|
machine
|
məʃiːn
|
mesin
|
115.
|
lock
|
lak / la:k
|
gembok
|
116.
|
feeling
|
fi:ling
|
perasaan
|
117.
|
mind
|
maind
|
pikiran
|
118.
|
particular
|
pətɪkjʊlə:
|
khusus, istimewa
|
119.
|
girlfriend
|
gə:lfreind
|
cewek pacar
|
120.
|
similar to
|
similə: tu
|
mirip dengan
|
121.
|
similarity
|
similæriti
|
kemiripan
|
122.
|
same
|
seim
|
sama
|
123.
|
unique
|
yuni:k
|
unik
|
124.
|
break
|
breik
|
patah, putus, iklan, istirahat,
perubahan suara
|
125.
|
insurance
|
inʃuːrəns
|
asuransi
|
126.
|
force
|
fo:s
|
paksa
|
127.
|
consent
|
kənsent
|
persetujuan
|
128.
|
marriage
|
mærɪdj
|
pernikahan
|
129.
|
experienced
|
ɪkspɪəriənst
|
berpengalaman
|
130.
|
carsick
|
kɑːsɪk
|
mabuk kendaraan
|
131.
|
journey
|
djəːni
|
perjalanan
|
132.
|
proposition
|
prɒpəzɪʃən
|
proposisi, dalil,
pernyataan bisa benar bisa salah
|
133.
|
likeness
|
laiknəs
|
kemiripan
|
134.
|
danger
|
deɪndjə:
|
bahaya
|
135.
|
alien
|
eiliən
|
alien / mahluk luar
angkasa
|
136.
|
spacecraft
|
speɪskrɑːft
|
kendaraan angkasa
|
137.
|
transportation
|
trænspɔːteɪʃən
|
transportasi, angkutan
|
138.
|
train
|
trein
|
kereta / kereta api
|
139.
|
on foot
|
on fu:t
|
jalan kaki
|
140.
|
method
|
meθ.əd
|
metode, cara
|
141.
|
on horseback
|
on hɔːsbæk
|
tunggang kuda
|
142.
|
opportunity
|
ɒpətjuːnəti
|
kesempatan
|
143.
|
throughout
|
θruːaʊt
|
sepanjang / selama
|
144.
|
table of content
|
teibəl əf kəntent
|
daftar isi
|
145.
|
cloud
|
on hɔːsbæk
|
awan
|
146.
|
cage
|
keidj
|
sangkar
|
147.
|
roof
|
ru:f
|
atap
|
148.
|
garden
|
ɡɑːdən
|
kebun
|
149.
|
earth
|
əːθ
|
bumi
|
150.
|
stair
|
steə:
|
tangga
|
151.
|
drawer
|
droːə
|
laci
|
152.
|
driver
|
draivə:
|
supir
|
153.
|
security guard
|
sikjʊərɪti ga:d
|
satpam
|
154.
|
vehicle
|
viːikəl
|
kendaraan
|
155.
|
public
|
pablik
|
umum
|
156.
|
private
|
praivət
|
swasta
|
157.
|
traffic light
|
træfɪk lait
|
rambu lalu lintas
|
158.
|
route
|
ru:t / raʊt
|
rute
|
159.
|
proposal
|
prəpouzəl
|
usulan
|
160.
|
principle
|
prinsipəl
|
prinsip
|
161.
|
of
|
əf
|
dari, tentang, punya,
sebelum, umur
|
162.
|
off
|
af / a:f
|
dekat ke / tak jauh
dari, terhubung ke
|
163.
|
on
|
on
|
pada, di, berada di
dalam, tercantel pada
|
164.
|
onto
|
ontu
|
ke atas, dekati / suruh
|
165.
|
in
|
in
|
di, dalam, ke dalam
|
166.
|
into
|
intu
|
ke dalam, menjadi, kena
(sesuatu)
|
167.
|
up
|
ap
|
di / ke atas, bangun,
tegak, terjadi, hingga habis
|
168.
|
to
|
tu
|
ke, kepada, terhadap, kurang
dari, hingga, menuju
|
No.
|
Present Tense
(sekarang)
|
Past Tense
(lampau)
|
Past Participle
(tuntas)
|
Meaning
|
169.
|
imply (implai)
|
implied (implaid)
|
implied (implaid)
|
menunjukkan
|
170.
|
hand out (hænd aut)
|
handed out (hændid aut)
|
handed out (hændid aut)
|
membagikan
|
171.
|
hover (hɒvər)
|
hovered (hɒvərt)
|
hovered (hɒvərt)
|
melayang
|
172.
|
climb (claimb)
|
climbed (claimbt)
|
climbed (claimbt)
|
memanjat
|
173.
|
disappear (dɪsəpɪə:)
|
disappeared (dɪsəpɪə:d)
|
disappeared (dɪsəpɪə:d)
|
menghilang
|
174.
|
park (pa:k)
|
parked (pa:kt)
|
parked (pa:kt)
|
parkir
|
175.
|
attach (ətætʃ)
|
attached (ətætʃid)
|
attached (ətætʃid)
|
mencantelkan
|
176.
|
wave (weiv)
|
waved (weivt)
|
waved (weivt)
|
melambai
|
177.
|
touch (tʌtʃ)
|
touched (tʌtʃid)
|
touched (tʌtʃid)
|
menyentuh, melapisi
|
178.
|
cover (kavə:)
|
covered (kavə:d)
|
covered (kavə:d)
|
menutupi
|
179.
|
turn up (tə:n ap)
|
turned up (tə:nt ap)
|
turned up (tə:nt ap)
|
muncul / tiba
|
180.
|
distribute (dɪstrɪbjuːt)
|
distributed (dɪstrɪbjuːtid)
|
distributed (dɪstrɪbjuːtid)
|
menyalurkan
|
181.
|
deliver (dɪlɪvə:)
|
delivered (dɪlɪvə:d)
|
delivered (dɪlɪvə:d)
|
menyampaikan
|
182.
|
surround (səˈraʊnd)
|
surrounded (səˈraʊndid)
|
surrounded (səˈraʊndid)
|
mengelilingi
|
183.
|
clap (klæp)
|
clapped (klæpt)
|
clapped (klæpt)
|
menepuk tangan
|
184.
|
announce (ənauns)
|
announced (ənaunst)
|
announced (ənaunst)
|
mengumumkan
|
185.
|
squeeze (skwiːz)
|
squeezed (skwiːzt)
|
squeezed (skwiːzt)
|
meremas,memeras
|
186.
|
cut (kat)
|
cut (kat)
|
cut (kat)
|
memotong
|
187.
|
oppose (əpouz)
|
opposed (əpouzt)
|
opposed (əpouzt)
|
menentang
|
188.
|
correspond (karsispand)
|
corresponded (karsispandid)
|
corresponded (karsispandid)
|
menyerupai
|
189.
|
argue (ɑ:ɡjuː)
|
argued (ɑ:ɡjuːd)
|
argued (ɑ:ɡjuːd)
|
berdebat
|
190.
|
compare (kəmˈpeə)
|
compared (kəmˈpeəd)
|
compared (kəmˈpeəd)
|
sama seperti
|
191.
|
flow (flou)
|
flowd (floud)
|
flowd (floud)
|
mengalir
|
192.
|
ride (raid)
|
rode (roud)
|
rid (rid)
|
mengendarai, berkuda
|
193.
|
get in / into
|
got in / into
|
gotten in / into
|
masuk ke dalam
|
194.
|
get on / onto
|
got on / onto
|
gotten on / onto
|
naik ke atas
|
195.
|
go along
|
went along
|
gone along
|
jalan terus
|
196.
|
get off
|
got off
|
gotten off
|
turun (dari)
|
197.
|
get to
|
got to
|
gotten to
|
sampai ke / tiba
|
198.
|
reach (riːtʃ)
|
reached (riːtʃid)
|
reached (riːtʃid)
|
mencapai, tiba
|
II. Grammar
Preposition atau kata depan sudah banyak ditemui pada
pelajaran-pelajaran sebelumnya, seperti : to, at, in, into, on, onto, dll.
What is
preposition? Apa itu kata depan?
Prepositions are words that show the relationship between
a noun or a pronoun and some other word or element in the rest of the sentence.
Kata depan adalah kata-kata yang menunjukkan hubungan
antara kata benda atau kata ganti dan beberapa kata lainnya atau elemen tersisa
di kalimat tersebut.
She swam across
the lake =
dia berenang seberang danau
across connects the noun lake with the verb swam.
It tells us where she swam. Do you see how the preposition tells us the
relationship between lake and swam?
seberang menghubungkan kata benda danau dengan
kata kerja berenang. Ini memberitahu kita di mana dia berenang. Lihatkah
anda bagaimana kata depan memberitahu kita hubungan antara danau dan
berenang?
The preposition may be in the form of one word (at, by,
in, on, etc.) or in the form of a phrase that functions as a unit (in front of,
by way of, etc.)
The relationships include direction, place, time, cause,
manner and amount.
Kata depan menunjukkan hubungan antar objeknya dan kata-kata lain dalam
kalimat. Kata depan bisa dibentuk dari satu kata (at, by, in, on, dll) atau
dalam bentuk ungkapan yang berfungsi sebagai satu kesatuan (in front of, by way
of, etc). Hubungannya meliputi arah, tempat, waktu, sebab, prilaku dan jumlah.
Example:
In the sentence She went to the store, to is a
preposition which shows direction.
Dalam kalimat dia pergi ke toko, to adalah kata depan yang
menunjukkan arah.
He came by bus, by is a
preposition which shows manner.
Dia datang dengan bis, dengan adalah kata depan
yang menunjukkan perilaku
They will be here at three o'clock, at is a preposition
which shows time
Mereka akan di sini pada jam 3, pada adalah kata depan
yang menunjukkan jam
It is under the table, under is a preposition which shows
place.
Itu ada di bawah meja, di bawah adalah kata
depan yang menunjukkan tempat
A preposition always goes with a noun or pronoun which is
called the object of the preposition.
Kata depan selalu diikuti dengan kata benda atau kata
ganti yang disebut objek kata depan
The preposition is almost always before the noun or
pronoun and that is why it is called a preposition.
Kata depan hampir selalu sebelum kata benda atau kata
ganti dan itulah sebabnya disebut kata depan
The preposition and the object of the preposition
together are called a prepositional phrase.
Kata depan dan objek kata depan secara bersamaan disebut ungkapan
kata depan
The following chart shows the prepositions, objects of
the preposition, and prepositional phrases of the sentences above.
Berikut diagram yang menunjukkan kata depan, objek kata
depan dan ungkapan kata depan kalimat di atas.
Preposition
|
Object
of the Preposition
|
Prepositional
Phrase
|
to
|
the
store
|
to the
store
|
by
|
bus
|
by bus
|
at
|
three
o'clock
|
at
three o'clock
|
under
|
the
table
|
under
the table
|
Prepositions of
Time
at a specific time:
at 2:30 p.m. = at exactly or precisely 2:30 p.m.
pada jam 2:30 siang = secara tepat / persis jam 2:30
siang
He arrived at ten o'clock = dia tiba pada
jam 10
We only reached the hotel at midnight = kami tiba hotel pada
tengah malam
at an age:
She got married at seventeen = dia menikah pada umur
17
on a day/date:
Most shops are now open on Sundays.
Sebagian besar toko buka pada hari Minggu
We're having a party on the Fourth of July.
Kami mangadakan pesta pada tgl 4 di bulan Juli
of used to refer to a particular date in a month
of = used for showing a time is meaning before
It's ten (minutes) of five (= ten minutes before five
o'clock).
of used with measurements and expressions of time, age, etc.
He is twenty years of age = he is of 20
Dia 20 tahun umurnya = dia umur 20 tahun
by a time/date/period.
by 2 o'clock = not later than 2 o'clock.
menjelang jam 2 = tidak telat dari jam 2
It is used to implies before or not later than that
time/date
Ini dipakai untuk menunjukkan sebelum atau tidak lebih
telat dari jam/tgl itu
The train starts at 6.10, so you had better be at the
station by 6.00
Kereta berangkat pada jam 6.10, jadi Anda sebaiknya di
stasiun pada / sebelum jam 6.00
By May my garden will be a mass of blossom
Menjelang bulan Mei kebun saya akan menjadi kumpulan bunga mekar
for / during a period of time (selama suatu periode)
We've been waiting here for hours
Kami sudah menunggu di sini selama berjam-jam.
We saw them often during the summer.
Kami sering melihat mereka selama musim panas.
since from a certain time (past till now)
She's been here since Monday = dia ada di sini sejak
hari Senin
from a certain time to / till / until a certain time
Most people work from nine to / till five
Kebanyakan orang bekerja dari jam 9 hingga
jam 5
in nonspecific time (pada waktu tak tertentu)
She likes to jog in the morning = dia suka joging di pagi hari
He started the job in 1971 = dia mulai
bekerja pada tahun 1971
Perhatikan perbedaan: on time, in
time dan in good time
on time = at the time arranged, not before, not after
pada waktu teratur, tidak sebelum, tidak setelah
(tepat persis pada waktu yang ditentukan)
in time / in time for + noun = not late (tidak terlambat)
in good time (for) = with a comfortable margin (dengan jarak waktu nyaman)
The 8.15 train started on time = Kereta jam 8.15 berangkat tepat
waktu
Passengers should be in time for their train
Penumpang harus tepat waktu untuk kereta mereka
I arrived at the concert hall in good time (for the
concert). (Perhaps the concert began at 7.30 and I arrived at 7.15)
Saya tiba di gedung konser dalam waktu yang baik (untuk
konser). (Mungkin konser dimulai pukul 7.30 dan saya tiba di 7.15)
after = later (nanti)
Call me again after 10 o'clock.
Hubungiku lagi setelah jam 10
before = at an earlier time
They were here before six = mereka di sini sebelum
jam 6
around / about indicate approximate time
sekitar / kira-kira menunjukkan perkiraan waktu
I'll pick you up around 7 o'clock = saya akan menjemputmu sekitar
jam 7
He'll see me about five o'clock in the afternoon
Dia akan menemui saya kira-kira jam 5 sore
till / until = up to that time (hingga waktu itu)
Why don't you stay until (till) Sunday?
Kenapa kamu tidak tinggal hingga Minggu?
beyond = later than (lebih telat)
In this town nothing is open beyond ten o’clock
Di kota ini tak ada yang buka lewati jam 10
within = length of time (panjangnya waktu)
He will return within a week = dia akan kembali dalam
seminggu
at the beginning of = at the starting point of (titik permulaan)
The teacher handed out the books at the
beginning of the month
Guru membagikan buku-buku di awal bulan
at the end of = the final part of a period of time (akhir suatu periode)
You will receive your bonus at the end of the year
Anda akan menerima bonusmu di akhir tahun
Perbedaan on dan in
on dipakai untuk menyatakan nama hari, sedangkan nama
bulan dan angka tahun bisa dipakai juga in tapi
tidak boleh pakai tanggal. Sederhananya pemakaian on persis apa adanya sama
halnya dengan at untuk menyatakan jam persis apa adanya, sedangkan in tidak
tahu persisnya kapan.
Perbedaan for dan during
for dipakai untuk waktu yang pendek, biasanya dalam jam,
hari, minggu, dll.
We waited for fifteen minutes / two hours / a long time
Kami menunggu selama 15 menit / 2 jam / waktu yang lama
during dipakai untuk waktu yang panjang (tahunan), musiman atau
sesuatu yang berlangsung bersenambungan
It rained a great deal during the spring
Hujan lebat selama musim semi
It rained during the day = hujan sepanjang hari
Prepositions of place
at = next to, by an object (dekat pada sesuatu)
There is someone at the door = ada seseorang di
(dekat) pintu
at place where you are to do something typical (watch a film, study, work)
What did the children do at school today?
Apa yang anak-anak lakukan di sekolah hari ini?
This is a fast train, it doesn't stop at every
station.
Ini adalah kereta cepat, ia tidak berhenti di
setiap stasiun.
at for events (untuk peristiwa / kejadian)
He introduced his best friend to me at a party
Dia memperkenalkan sahabatnya kepada saya di
sebuah pesta
He saw an old gentleman at the but-stop with a
big, strong black umbrella in his hand Dia melihat seorang pria tua di perhentian
bis, dengan payung hitam yang besar dan kuat di tangannya
at for specific addresses (alamat tertentu)
We live at no. 102 Church Street. = kami tinggal di Church
Street no. 102
in = inside an area (dalam suatu area)
She lives in Jakarta = Dia tinggal di Jakarta
The use of computers in the classroom = pemakaian komputer di ruang
kelas
Catatan:
at juga bisa dipakai untuk suatu tempat tetapi tidak di
dalamnya
If someone is “at the station”, he could be in the
street outside, or in the ticket office / waiting room / restaurant or on the
platform
Jika seseorang "di stasiun", dia bisa
berada di jalanan luar, atau di kantor tiket / ruang tunggu / restoran atau di
peron
Perhatikan perbedaan berikut:
at the sea = near / beside the sea (di dekat / pinggir laut)
at sea = on a ship (di atas kapal)
We walked at the sea and the dogs played around on
the sand.
Kami berjalan di pinggir laut dan anjing-anjing
bermain-main di atas pasir.
We were at sea for only five days.
Kami sedang berlayar di laut hanya selama 5 hari
on = attached (tercantel)
There's a clock / picture on the wall behind my
desk.
Ada jam / gambar di dinding belakang meja saya.
on = being on a surface (ada di
permukaan)
She sat the pan on the table and sat down
Dia meletakkan panci di atas meja dan duduk
on a certain side (di sisi tertentu)
The post office is on the left side of the street
as you go towards the church.
Kantor pos ada di sisi kiri jalan saat anda pergi
menuju gereja.
Who was that girl sitting on the right of your
father?
Siapa gadis yang duduk di sebelah kanan ayahmu?
on a floor in a house (di lantai (tingkat) dalam rumah)
The coffee shop is on the first floor near the
lobby
Kedai kopi di lantai pertama dekat lobi
on public transport (di atas kendaraan umum)
I could not find a seat on the bus
Saya tak bisa menemukan tempat duduk di bis
on the show / film (di pertunjukkan / film)
Is there any football on television tonight?
Apakah ada sepakbola di televisi malam ini?
I heard about it on the radio = saya mendengar tentang hal itu
di radio.
on for address just street only without number
Baba lives on Washington Street.
Baba tinggal di Jalan Washington
Jika nama jalan tersebut adalah nomor alamatnya maka
pakai at
above = higher than something else, but not directly over it
lebih tinggi dari yang lainnya, tetapi tidak secara
langsung di atasnya
a path above the lake = suatu jalan lebih tinggi dari
danau
over = above (higher than)
The helicopter hovered above / over us.
Helikopter melayang di atas kita
Flags waved above / over our heads
Bendera melambai di atas kepala kita
over = touching / covering (melapisi / menutupi)
put a jacket over your shirt = pakailah jaket lapisi
bajumu
Put a rug over your knees if you're cold.
Pakailah selimut tebal tutupi lututmu jika kamu
kedinginan
over = more than (lebih dari), higher in rank (lebih tinggi jabatan)
He's over 90 years old = dia lebih dari 90 tahun
umurnya
He is over me = dia lebih tinggi jabatannya
dari saya
over = from one side to other (dari sisi satu ke sisi lainnya)
There is a bridge over the river = Ada sebuah jembatan di atas
sungai
over = across / getting to the other side
He lives over the mountain = Dia tinggal seberangi / di
seberang gunung
I saw him climb over that wall as we came down the
street
Saya lihat dia manjat lewati tembok sewaktu kami
turun ke jalan
under = on the ground, lower than (or covered by)
something else
di lantai (bumi), lebih rendah dari (atau tutupi oleh)
sesuatu yang lain
Your pencil is under the chair = pensilmu di bawah kursi
She put the letter under her pillow = dia meletakkan surat di
bawah bantalnya
under = lower rank than (lebih rendah jabatan)
He is under me = dia lebih rendah dari saya
(jabatan saya lebih tinggi)
below = lower than something else but above ground
lebih rendah dari yang lain tetapi di atas lantai (bumi)
The fish are below the surface = ikan di bawah permukaan
(tidak menyentuh dasar laut)
live above = tinggal di lantai yang lebih tinggi
live below = tinggal di lantai yang lebih rendah
They live below us = We live above them
underneath = under
beneath = below
Have you looked underneath the bed?
sudahkah anda lihat di bawah tempat tidur?
We ate lunch beneath the trees = kita makan siang di bawah
pohon
Sometimes we use the word underneath instead of under and
beneath instead of below. There is no difference in meaning those they are less
common nowadays.
Kadang-kadang kita pakai kata underneath daripada under
dan beneath
daripada below. Tidak ada perbedaan arti namun jarang dipakai zaman
sekarang
round / around =
in the area near a particular place (di dekat tempat khusus)
Do you live round / around here? Anda tinggal di sekitar
sini?
He owned all the land round about (=in the
surrounding area).
Dia memiliki semua tanah di sekitar (di sekeliling
area itu)
round / around the
corner = very near, imminent
sangat dekat, segera terjadi
My new place is just round / around the corner
Tempat baruku sangat dekat (sekitar pojok)
The boy disappeared round the corner in a blink of
an eye
Anak bocah itu menghilang seketika dalam sekejap
mata
along = from one place on something such as a line, road,
or edge towards the other end of it = dari satu tempat pada sesuatu seperti jalur, jalan,
atau tepi menuju ujungnya
There's a beautiful building along the river
Ada sebuah bangunan yang indah sepanjang sungai
beside = next to (di sebelah / disamping)
A house beside the sea = sebuah rumah di sebelah
laut
She sat beside her friend = dia duduk disamping
temannya
At a wedding, the bride stands next to the groom.
Di pernikahan, pengantin berdiri di samping
pengantin pria.
near / close to = similar to next to / beside but there is more
of a distance between the two things = sama dengan dekat dengan / disamping tetapi ada jarak
lebih di antara kedua benda
The receptionist is near the front door
Penerima tamu dekat pintu depan
We couldn't park the car close to the store.
Kita tidak bisa parkir mobil dekat toko itu
of used in expressions showing position:
the top of his head = bagian atas di
kepalanya
off = only a short distance away from a place
Our hotel was just off the main street.
Hotel kita dekat ke / tak jauh dari jalan utama.
off = connected to a particular
room, area, road etc:
There's a small bathroom off the main bedroom.
Ada kamar mandi kecil terhubung ke kamar tidur
utama.
Perhatikan : beside beda artinya dengan besides
As a preposition, besides means in addition to or apart
from
Sebagai kata depan, besides artinya sebagai tambahan
atau selain
What are you studying besides English? (in
addition to)
Apa yang sedang kamu pelajari selain Inggris?
(sebagai tambahan)
Who was there besides Anton? (apart from)
Ada siapa selain Anton?
As an adverb, besides means as well or furthermore
Sebagai kata keterangan, besides berarti juga / lagi
pula
He was scruffy and badly prepared. Besides,
he turned up late for the interview.
Dia buruk berpakaian dan buruk persiapan. Lagi
pula, ia tiba terlambat untuk wawancara.
between normally relates
a person / thing to 2 other people / thing
There was no agreement between workers and
management.
Tidak ada kesepakatan antara pekerja dan
manajemen.
among / amongst = in the middle (more than two things or
persons)
He distributed toffees among children.
Dia membagikan permen pada anak-anak.
You should work among the poor.
Anda harus bekerja di tengah-tengah orang miskin
I have to deliver speech among them
Saya harus menyampaikan pidato di tengah-tengah
mereka
Who amongst you are ready to go there?
Siapa di antara kalian siap pergi ke sana?
amid / amidst = in the middle of, surrounded by
Amid noise I was unable to hear anything.
Di tengah kegaduan saya tak sanggup mendengar apa-apa
Amid confusion she lost her way
Diliputi kebingungan dia kehilangan jalannya / tersesat
In the midst of clapping he announced this scheme.
Di tengah tepuk tangan ia mengumumkan skema ini.
in front of = in a position that is further forward than sb/sth but
not very far away = dalam posisi yang lebih maju daripada seseorang / sesuatu tapi tidak
terlalu jauh
The teacher stands in front of the students
Guru berdiri di depan murid-murid
Teenagers normally squeeze their zits in front
of a mirror.
Anak-anak remaja biasanya meremas jerawatnya di depan
cermin
before = in front of
You can sit before the desk = anda bisa duduk di depan
meja
behind = the opposite of in front of. It means at the back
(part) of something = lawan dari di depan. Artinya di belakang dari sesuatu
I slowly down because there was a police car behind
me
Saya memperlambat karena ada mobil polisi di belakang
saya
Who is that person behind the mask?
Siapa orang itu balik topeng?
opposite / across from refers to something being in
front of something else = menunjukkan sesuatu sedang berhadapan dengan yang lain
The chess players sat opposite each other before
they began their game (They are in front of each other and there is a table
between them)
Pemain catur duduk berlawanan satu sama lain
sebelu mereka mulai permainannya (mereka berhadapan satu sama lain dan ada
sebuah meka di antara mereka)
up = from a lower place to a higher place
Could you help me carry this old trunk up to the
attic?
I got off my bike and walked up the hill.
saya turun dari sepeda dan berjalan ke atas
bukit.
up = in a high place, or in a higher place than you
He was up the ladder, cleaning the windows.
Dia di atas tangga, membersihkan jendela.
beyond = more distance after that
The house is beyond the hill = rumah itu lampaui
bukit itu
beyond = past the limits of
That situation is beyond my understanding
Situasi itu berada di luar pemahaman saya
Prepositions of movement
to = movement to person or building, movement to a place or country, for bed (menuju ke orang / gedung /
tempat / negara, tujuan tidur)
She's going to the dentist's office this morning.
Dia sedang pergi ke kantor dokter gigi pagi ini.
I moved to Germany in 1998 = saya pindah ke Jerman tahun
1998
into = movement to enter (gerakan masuk)
His mother doesn't like to go into his room
Ibunya tidak suka pergi ke / masuk dalam kamarnya
He threw the letter into the fire
Dia melempar surat itu ke dalam api
I poured the beer into a tankard
Aku menuangkan bir ke dalam cangkir yang besar
into can usually be replaced by in.
into biasanya dapat diganti dengan in
The caterpillar changed into / in a butterfly.
Ulat berubah menjadi kupu-kupu.
Put the book into / in the box.
Letakkan buku ke dalam / dalam kotak itu
onto = movement to the top of something
bergerak menuju ke puncak sesuatu
He lifted it onto the table = dia mengangkatnya ke atas
meja
The cat jumped onto the mantelpiece
Kucing itu melompat ke atas rak perapian
Through = movement from one side of an enclosed space to
the other
Gerakan dari satu sisi ruang tertutup ke yang lain
The train went through the tunnel.
Kereta jalan melalui terowongan.
across = over / getting to the other side
She walk across the bridge = dia berjalan seberangi
jembatan
toward / towards = movement in the direction of something (but not directly to it) gerakan ke arah sesuatu (tetapi
tidak langsung terhadapnya)
We're moving toward the light.
Kami sedang bergerak ke arah cahaya
This is a big step towards the project's
completion.
Ini adalah langkah besar menuju penyelesaian
proyek.
past = in or to a position that is further than a particular
point
A car drove past the door = Sebuah mobil melaju lewat
pintu
past = above a particular age or further than a particular
point
Your mind will stay fresh past the age of 70 if
you keep learning new things.
Pikiran anda akan tetap segar lewat usia 70 jika
anda terus belajar hal-hal baru.
With the words home, downtown, uptown, inside, outside,
downstairs, upstairs, we use no preposition.
Dengan kata-kata home, downtown, uptown, inside, outside,
downstairs, upstairs, kita tidak pakai kata depan
Grandma went upstairs = nenek naik ke lantai atas
Grandpa went home = kakek pulang ke rumah
Is there anybody inside? = ada orang di dalam?
They both went outside = mereka berdua pergi ke luar
They go uptown to the Museum of Natural History
Mereka pergi ke kota elit menuju Museum of Natural
History
You can take the bus to go downtown
Anda bisa numpang bus pergi ke pusat kota
against = in the opposite side to
David fights against Goliat = Daud bertarung lawan Goliat
This is against the law = ini lawan hukum
Preposition of manner
with / without devices, instruments or machines
dengan / tanpa perangkat, instrumen dan mesin
He opened the lock with key = dia membuka gembok dengan
kunci
He cuts it with a knife = dia memotongnya dengan
pisau
without = not using
She can't read without her glasses
Dia tidak bisa baca tanpa kacamatanya
with the state of one's feelings or mind at a particular time
dengan keadaan perasaan atau pikiran seseorang waktu itu
She greeted Anton with a smile
Dia menyambut Anton dengan senyum
with relation = dengan relasi
I'm going to England next week with my girlfriend.
Aku akan pergi ke Inggris minggu depan dengan
pacarku.
like = similar to; in the same way
seperti = mirip; dengan cara sama
He walks like an old man = Dia berjalan seperti
orang tua
in a specific voice = dengan suara tertentu
He speaks in a low voice = dia berbicara dengan suara
rendah
Since she didn’t have a break in her voice,
something must be unique about her.
Sejak dia tak miliki suatu perubahan pada
suaranya, suatu jadi unik baginya
.
by doing something = dengan melakukan sesuatu
She earns her living by selling insurance.
Dia mendapatkan nafkah dengan menjual asuransi.
He was taken from his home by force
Dia dibawa dari rumahnya dengan paksa
in the beginning / at first = in the early stages
in the end/at last = eventually/after some time
At first he opposed the marriage, but in the end he gave
his consent.
Pada awalnya ia menentang pernikahan, tapi pada akhirnya ia
memberikan persetujuannya.
on used to show that a condition or process is being experienced
Anton's on holiday this week = Anton sedang libur minggu
ini
I often feel carsick when I'm on a long journey
Saya sering mabuk kendaraan ketika sedang
bepergian jauh
Verb + Preposition
A combination of verb and preposition is called a phrasal
verb.
Kombinasi kata kerja dan preposisi disebut ungkapan kata
kerja
The word that is joined to the verb is called a particle.
Kata yang digabung ke verb disebut partikel
We're getting up a party for her birthday.
Mereka sedang mengadakan pesta untuk ultahnya
The plane took off an hour late
Pesawat melandas telat sejam
Kata depan yang akan dipakai tergantung maksud yang
diinginkan.
Berikut ini contoh kata kerja ungkapan
· agree to a proposal, with
a person, on a price, in principle
· argue about a matter, with
a person, for or against a proposition
· compare to to show likenesses,
with
to show differences (sometimes similarities)
· correspond to a thing, with
a person
· differ from an unlike
thing, with a person
· live at an address, in
a house or city, on a street, with other people
Preposition of
Travel
by transportation = dengan angkutan
You can go by bus (car, train, ship. plane, foot)
Anda bisa pergi dengan bis (mobil, kereta, kapal,
pesawat, jalan kaki)
We travel by car (but in Anton's car), by
bus, train, plane, helicopter, etc. and by sea/air. We can also go by
a certain route or by a certain place
Kami bepergian dengan mobil (tapi di dalam mobil Anton),
dengan bus, kereta api, pesawat, helikopter, dll dan melalui laut
/ udara. Kita juga bisa pergi melalui rute tertentu atau melalui tempat
tertentu
on used for showing some methods of travelling
We can walk or go on foot. We can cycle or go on
a bicycle or by bicycle. We can ride or go on horseback
Kita bisa berjalan atau berjalan kaki. Kita dapat bersepeda
atau pergi dengan sepeda. Kita bisa mengendarai atau pergi menunggang
kuda
I love travelling on
trains = saya
suka bepergian dengan kereta
She'll be arriving on
the 5.30 train.
Dia akan
tiba dengan kereta jam 5.30
It'd be quicker to get there on foot.
Lebih cepat tiba di sana dengan cara jalan kaki
When are you coming back to Jakarta?
Kapan anda akan
kembali ke Jakarta?
We get in / get into a private or public vehicle
Kita masuk ke dalam kendaraan swasta atau umum
We get on/get onto a horse, camel, bicycle, car
Kita naik ke atas kuda, unta, sepeda, mobil
We arrived in Australia = kita tiba di Australia
We arrived at the airport / at the hotel / at the
station.
Kita tiba di bandara / di hotel / di stasiun
Go along the Ferret Street till you see the library on your
right.
Jalan terus Ferret Street sampai anda lihat perpustakaan di sebelah
kanan anda
Get off the bus and walk back till you come to some traffic
lights
Turun dari bus dan jalan mundur sampai anda sampai ke beberapa lampu
lalu lintas
He got to the station just in time for his train
Dia sampai ke stasiun tepat pada waktunya untuk
kereta apinya
They reached the top of the mountain before dark.
Mereka mencapai puncak gunung sebelum gelap.
Catatan
Selain jenis kata depan di atas, masih banyak kata depan
yang tidak ada penggolongannya, biasanya diambil dari kata keterangan. Kata
depan yang dibahas di atas mungkin masih banyak arti lain yang di luar
penggolongan di atas, seperti kata depan of, off, dll
Kebanyakan kata depan (Preposition) juga bisa sebagai
kata keterangan (Adverb).
Cara
membedakannya perhatikan pola kalimatnya.
Preposition + Noun
/ Pronoun (ada
objeknya)
Verb + Adverb
Adverb + Adjective
Adverb + Adverb
Perhatikan
kalimat berikut, Mana yang Preposition
atau Adverb?
1. Turn the television on so that
we can see the news.
Nyalakan Tv itu supaya kita bisa nonton berita
2. The security guards would
not allow Anton through.
Satpam tidak izinkan Anton lewat
3. The children walked through
the shopping mall.
Anak-anak berjalan lewat pusat perbelanjaan
4. Throughout high school, there are many
opportunities to do volunteer work.
Selama SMA, ada banyak kesempatan untuk lakukan pekerjaan
sukarela
5. Below the water, there are many
dangers.
Di bawah air, ada banyak bahaya
6. Take your keys off the
counter.
Ambillah kuncimu dekat meja transaksi
7. Santo ran up the stairs = Santo berlari naik
ke lantai atas
8. Santo looked up and saw
the alien spacecraft.
Santo memandang ke atas dan lihat pesawat alien
Jawabnya
cukup perhatikan mana yang tidak ada objek berarti Adverb yaitu No.
1, 2 dan 8. Yang lain dari itu adalah Preposition
III. Isilah ..... pada pertanyaan
dengan kata-kata berikut:
above, till, beside,
against, at the beginning of, outside, over, round,
off, under, towards,
across, by, inside,
onto, up, in, into, behind, on
She
comes ..... bus daily
|
..........
a book there is often a table of contents
|
We
watched the movie ....... it was over.
|
The
sun is ....... the clouds.
|
It's
dangerous to run ....... the road
|
The
bank is ...... the cinema.
|
The
bird is ....... the cage.
|
He
fell .... the horse
|
The
cat jumped ...... the roof of the car.
|
The
garden is ...... the house.
|
The
earth moves ...... the sun.
|
The
child ran ...... her father.
|
Water
flows ..... the bridge.
|
She
walked .... the stairs.
|
The
plate is .... the table
|
The
pen is .... the drawer.
|
Passengers
sit ...... the driver.
|
Stealing
is ...... the law.
|
He
went ...... the shop.
|
Planes
fly ..... our house every minute.
|
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