|
No.
|
Kata
|
Dibaca
|
Artinya
|
|
1.
|
passive
|
pæsɪv
|
pasif
|
|
2.
|
voice
|
vois
|
suara, kalimat (dalam tata bahasa)
|
|
3.
|
active
|
æktɪv
|
aktif
|
|
4.
|
subject
|
sabjikt
|
subjek, pokok kalimat
|
|
5.
|
object
|
abjikt
|
objek, benda, sasaran, tujuan
|
|
6.
|
by
|
bai
|
oleh, dengan, per
|
|
7.
|
door
|
do:
|
pintu
|
|
8.
|
window
|
windou
|
jendela
|
|
9.
|
him
|
him
|
dia lelaki sebagai objek
|
|
10.
|
them
|
dəm
|
mereka sebagai objek
|
|
11.
|
car
|
ka:
|
mobil
|
|
12.
|
shop
|
ʃɒp
|
toko
|
|
13.
|
ball
|
bo:l
|
bola
|
|
14.
|
mom
|
mam
|
panggilan mama
|
|
15.
|
always
|
o:weiz
|
selalu
|
|
16.
|
victory
|
viktəri
|
kemenangan
|
|
17.
|
which
|
witʃ
|
yang mana
|
|
18.
|
dog
|
dog
|
anjing
|
|
19.
|
man
|
mæn
|
pria
|
|
20.
|
woman
|
womən
|
wanita
|
|
21.
|
hamburger
|
hæmbə:gə
|
roti panggang jepit daging
|
|
22.
|
transitive
|
trænsitiv
|
memiliki pelengkap
|
|
23.
|
intransitive
|
intrænsitiv
|
tidak miliki pelengkap
|
|
24.
|
battle
|
bætəl
|
pertempuran
|
|
25.
|
murderer
|
mə:dərə:
|
pembunuh
|
|
26.
|
killer
|
kilə:
|
pembunuh
|
|
27.
|
red-handed
|
red-hendid
|
terang-terangan
|
|
28.
|
burglar
|
bə:glə:
|
maling, pencuri
|
|
29,
|
thief
|
θiːf
|
maling, pencuri
|
|
30.
|
police
|
pəli:s
|
polisi
|
|
31.
|
enemy
|
inəmi
|
musuh
|
|
32.
|
assassin
|
əˋsæsin
|
pembunuh bayaran
|
|
33.
|
mate
|
meit
|
teman, kawan
|
|
34.
|
soldier
|
souldʒə
|
prajurit, tentara
|
|
35.
|
death
|
deθ
|
kematian
|
|
36.
|
prisoner
|
prizənə
|
tahanan, narapidana
|
|
37.
|
dawn
|
do:n
|
fajar, subuh
|
|
38.
|
squad
|
skwɒd
|
pasukan, kelompok
|
|
39.
|
firing squad
|
faiəring skwad
|
pasukan tembak
|
|
40.
|
president
|
prezident
|
presiden, pemimpin
|
|
No.
|
kata kerja 1
(sekarang)
|
kata kerja 2
(lampau)
|
kata kerja 3
(tuntas)
|
artinya
|
|
40.
|
shut (ʃat)
|
shut (ʃat)
|
shut (ʃat)
|
menutup
|
|
41.
|
open (oupən)
|
opened (oupənt)
|
opened (oupənt)
|
membuka
|
|
42.
|
drive (draiv)
|
drove (drouv)
|
driven (drivən)
|
mengendarai, mengemudi
|
|
43.
|
call (ko:l)
|
called (ko:lt)
|
called (ko:lt)
|
memanggil, menelpon
|
|
44.
|
write (rait)
|
wrote (rout)
|
written (ritən)
|
menulis
|
|
45.
|
kick (kik)
|
kicked (kikt)
|
kicked (kikt)
|
menendang
|
|
46.
|
clean (kli:n)
|
cleaned (kli:nt)
|
cleaned (kli:nt)
|
membersihkan
|
|
47.
|
bite (bait)
|
bit (bit)
|
bitten (bitən)
|
menggigit
|
|
48.
|
fall (fol)
|
fell (fel)
|
fallen (folən)
|
jatuh
|
|
49.
|
cry (krai)
|
cried (kraid)
|
cried (kraid)
|
menangis, berteriak
|
|
50.
|
laugh (la:f)
|
laughed (la:ft)
|
laughed (la:ft)
|
ketawa
|
|
51.
|
kill (kil)
|
killed (kilt)
|
killed (kilt)
|
membunuh
|
|
52.
|
murder (mədə)
|
murdered (mədə:d)
|
murdered (mədə:d)
|
membunuh
|
|
53.
|
slay (slei)
|
slew (slu:)
|
slain (slein)
|
membunuh
|
|
54.
|
assassinate (əsasineit)
|
assassinated (əsasineitid)
|
assassinated (əsasineitid)
|
membunuh
|
|
55.
|
shoplift (ʃaplift)
|
shoplifted (ʃapliftid)
|
shoplifted (ʃapliftid)
|
mencuri di toko
|
|
56.
|
steal (sti:l)
|
stole (stoul)
|
stolen (stoulən)
|
mencuri
|
|
57.
|
catch (kætʃ)
|
caught (ko:t)
|
caught (ko:t)
|
menangkap
|
|
58.
|
arrest (ərest)
|
arrested (ərestid)
|
arrested (ərestid)
|
menangkap
|
|
59.
|
accuse (əkju:z)
|
accused (əkju:zt)
|
accused (əkju:zt)
|
menuduh
|
|
60.
|
shoot (ʃu:t)
|
shot (ʃa:t)
|
shot (ʃa:t)
|
menembak
|
II. Tata Bahasa
Dalam pelajara-pelajaran sebelumnya hampir semuanya dalam
kalimat aktif yang dalam Tata Bahasa disebut Active Voice, sedangkan
kalimat pasif disebut Passive Voice.
Pengertian kalimat aktif dan pasif sama halnya dengan
bahasa Indonesia. Untuk jelasnya perhatikan contoh di bawah ini:
Kalimat aktif :
para pencuri mencuri jam saya
Active Voice : thieves
stole my watch
Subjeknya adalah para pencuri (thieves)
Kata kerjanya adalah mencuri (stole)
Objeknya adalah jam saya (my watch)
Untuk membuatnya jadi kalimat pasif maka harus balik
susunan kalimat aktif tersebut tetapi kata kerjanya harus diubah ke bentak kata
kerja tuntas / past participle agar memiliki arti di- atau ter- dan
sebelum past participle tersebut harus pakai kata kerja bantu sebelum subject
pakai kata by yang artinya oleh
Pola kalimatnya :
Object + verb to be + past participle + by + subject
Object + auxiliary +
be + past participle + by + subject
Pola kalimat pasif di atas untuk simple present / past
tense
Untuk membentuk kalimat pasif harus disesuaikan dengan
tenses-nya. Jika lupa baca kembali pelajaran 14.
Kalimat pasif :
jam saya dicuri oleh para pencuri
Passive Voice : my
watch was stolen by thieves
Kalimat pasif sangat penting untuk memahami bacaan maupun
menyatakan hal-hal yang tak tahu subjeknya.
Seperti contoh di atas tak tahu pencurinya siapa jadi by
thieves bisa dihilangkan.
Berikut adalah perubahan bentuk kata kerja aktif ke pasif
|
Tense
|
Active
|
Passive
|
|
Simple present
|
steals
|
is / are stolen
|
|
Present continuous
|
is / are stealing
|
is / are being stolen
|
|
Present perfect
|
has / have stolen
|
has / have been stolen
|
|
Present perfect continuous
|
has / have been stealing
|
has / have been being stolen
|
|
Simple past tense
|
stole
|
was / were stolen
|
|
Past continoues
|
was / were stealing
|
was/ were being stolen
|
|
Past Perfect
|
had stolen
|
had been stolen
|
|
Past perfect continuous
|
had been stealing
|
had been being stolen
|
|
Simple Future
|
shall / will steal
|
shall / will be stolen
|
|
Future continuous
|
shall / will be stealing
|
shall / will be being stolen
|
|
Future perfect
|
shall / will have stolen
|
shall / will haven been stolen
|
Dalam kalimat jika kata kerja yang dipakai memiliki
objeknya disebut Transitive Verb, sedangkan yang tak dilengkapi dengan objek
disebut Intransitive Verb.
Transitive Verb biasa dijumpai dalam kalimat tetapi Intransitive
Verb sangat jarang.
Contoh Transitive Verb
I put my books on the table
Saya meletakkan buku-buku di atas meja
Contoh Intransitive Verb
The books fell
Buku-buku jatuh
She cried.
Dia menangis
I
laughed.
Saya ketawa
Untuk Intransitive Verb tidak bisa dibuat Passive Voice
Kalimat pasif yang tak miliki subjek bisa berarti ter-
Misalnya : He
was killed in the battle
Dia terbunuh dalam pertempuran
The murderer was caught
red-handed
Pembunuh itu tertangkap basah
She was arrested in November for shoplifting at the Alfamart
Dia tertangkap bulan November karena mencuri barang di Alfamart
a burglar was caught red handed breaking
into a house.
Seorang maling tertangkap basah menerobos masuk rumah
thief dan burglar sama-sama maling tetapi thief
tidak lakukan kekerasan, sedangkan burglar biasanya membongkar /
merusak pintu.
kill, murder, slay, assassinate memiliki arti sama membunuh
tetapi slay membunuhnya dengan sengaja dan biasanya sadis, murder
membunuh terencana yang melawan hukum, assassinate membunuh
karena dibayar atau politik
He was slain by his enemy = Dia dibunuh oleh musuhnya
The assassin
was sent to kill my mate
Pembunuh
bayaran dikirim untuk membunuh temanku
How many presidents
were assassinated?
Berapa banyak presiden dibunuh?
He was accused of murdering a policeman.
Dia dituduh membunuh seorang polisi
The soldier was shot to death.
Prajurit itu ditembak hingga kematian
put to death = menghukum mati
The prisoner was put to death (by firing squad) at dawn
Tahanan itu dihukum mati (oleh regu tembak) di subuh
III. Cara membuat kalimat
Object +
auxiliary + be + past participle (+ by +
subject)
Active
voice : you must shut this door = kamu hrs tutup pintu ini
Passive
voice : this door must be shut = pintu ini harus ditutup
Active
voice : you ought to open the
windows = kamu
seharusnya buka jendela
Passive
voice : the windows ought to be opened = jendela seharusnya dibuka
Object +
auxiliary + have been + past participle (+ by + subject)
Active
voice : they should have told him =
mereka seharusnya sudah beritahu dia
Passive
voice : he should have been told = dia seharusnya sudah diberitahu
Coba kita
ulangi bahasan yang lengkap.
Simple
present :
Active
voice : he drives a car = dia mengendarai sebuah mobil
Passive
voice : a car is driven (by him) =
sebuah mobil dikendarai (oleh dia)
Present
continuous :
Active
voice : he is driving a car = dia sedang mengendarai
sebuah mobil
Passive voice :
a car is being driven (by him) = sebuah mobil sedang dikendari (oleh dia)
Present
perfect :
Active
voice : he has driven a car = dia telah mengendarai sebuah mobil
Passive voice :
a car has been driven (by him) = sebuah mobil telah dikendarai (oleh dia)
Present
perfect continuous :
Active
voice : he has been driving a car = dia telah sedang mengendarai sebuah mobil
Passive voice :
a car has been being driven (by him) = sebuah mobil telah sedang dikendarai
Simple
past :
Active
voice : he drove a car = dia mengendarai sebuah mobil
Passive
voice : a car was driven (by him) =
sebuah mobil dikendarai (oleh dia)
Past
continuous :
Active
voice : he was driving a car = dia sedang mengendarai
sebuah mobil
Passive voice :
a car was being driven (by him) = sebuah mobil sedang dikendarai (oleh dia)
Past
perfect :
Active
voice : he had driven a car = dia telah mengendarai sebuah mobil
Passive voice :
a car had been driven (by him) = sebuah mobil telah dikendarai (oleh dia)
Past
perfect continuous :
Active
voice : he had been driving a car = dia telah mengendarai sebuah mobil
Passive voice :
a car had been being driven (by him) = sebuah mobil telah dikendarai
Simple
future :
Active
voice : he will drive a car = dia akan mengendarai sebuah
mobil
Passive
voice : a car will be driven (by him) =
sebuah mobil akan dikendarai (oleh dia)
Future
continuous :
Active
voice : he will be driving a car = dia akan sedang mengendarai
sebuah mobil
Passive
voice : a car will be being driven (by
him) = sebuah mobil akan sedang dikendarai
Future
perfect :
Active
voice : he will have driven a car = dia telah mengendarai sebuah mobil
Passive voice :
a car had been driven (by him) = sebuah mobil telah dikendarai (oleh dia)
Kalimat dengan 2 buah objek :
Active voice : He gave me the book = dia memberikan saya buku
He gave the book to me. = dia memberikan buku kepada saya
Passive voice : the book was given to me (by him)
I was given the book (by him)
Active voice : I will see Maria tomorrow
Passive voice : Maria
will be seen by me tomorrow
Active voice : He has once called me
Passive voice : I
have once been called by him
Cara membuat pertanyaan dalam kalimat pasif
Do you call Maria?
= kamukah panggil Maria?
Is Maria called by you?
= Maria dipanggil oleh kamu?
Is the test written in room 1A?
= ujian ditulis dalam ruang 1A?
Where is the test written? The test is written in room 1A
Dimana ujian ditulis?
Ujian ditulis dalam ruang 1A
Were the students taught at home?
Para siswa diajari di rumah?
Why were the students taught at home?
Mengapa para siswa diajari di rumah?
IV. Buatkan kalimat pasifnya dari
kalimat-kalimat aktif di bawah ini:
|
Maria
tries me to speak English?
|
|
He
will buy the book in the shop
|
|
Has he
kicked the ball?
|
|
Will
he ask you to learn?
|
|
Mom read the
novel in one day.
|
|
I will clean the
house every Saturday.
|
|
The teacher
always answers the students’ questions.
|
|
The team will celebrate their victory tomorrow.
|
|
The dog bit the man.
|
|
The
man must have eaten five hamburgers.
|
|
Police
catch the thief
|
|
Which
car was he driving?
|
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